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技术方案评审：讲清取舍，礼貌说不

技术方案评审Olivier · 法国口音　Marta · 波兰口音

点「看一看」，Olivier 和 Marta 就在这里把这一场演一遍；轮到你开口的 5 个地方会停下来，给你看要说的意思和三种说法。

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方案评审被追问，先确认问的是什么再答：So you're asking what happens if payments time out, right? 法国口音的架构师 Olivier 追问出错和高峰流量，波兰口音的工程总监 Marta 追问成本和进度；你要讲清取舍，承认没做到的并给出日期，不同意时礼貌地说不。

开口前 App 里的练习场景 · 职场最后更新：

AI角色、对话和声音都由 AI 生成，只用于练习。

这一场在哪里，发生了什么？

周四上午 10 点，公司会议室，你刚讲完新方案的架构图

你是公司购物 App「下单」组的技术负责人。你的新方案要把下单从老系统里拆出来，做成一个独立的服务。架构图刚讲完，两位评审开始提问：首席架构师 Olivier（法国）关心出错和高峰流量，工程总监 Marta（波兰）关心成本、进度和风险。

和谁对话？

Olivier
法国口音。首席架构师，关心出错怎么办和高峰流量
Marta
波兰口音。工程总监，关心成本、进度和风险

你要做到什么？

先确认听懂了问题；讲取舍时把得和失都说出来；没做到的诚实承认，并给出日期；不同意时礼貌地说不，再给替代方案；最后说清要对方做什么、你接下来做什么。

这一场轮到你开口 5 次：

  1. 确认问题
  2. 讲清取舍
  3. 承认缺口
  4. 礼貌说不
  5. 收尾和下一步

全文：这一场怎么说？

中英对照，不用注册。每一句都能点「听」，录音就是 App 里这一场的录音，只有角色的台词。轮到你的地方，写着你想说的意思、三种说法和值得记住的说法：能说清是短句，先保证对方听懂；自然是同事平时会说的；高密度更紧凑、信息更多。

Olivier

Thanks. Very clear overview. Shall we go straight to questions?

谢谢。讲得很清楚。我们直接提问吧？

听懂：overview 概览、总体介绍 · go straight to 直接进入

Marta

Yes, please. I have a few myself.

好啊。我也有几个问题。

听懂：I have a few myself 我自己也有几个（问题）

Olivier

Let's start with payments. Say the provider is slow, or doesn't come back at all. What happens to the order?

先从支付说起。假设支付服务商很慢，或者干脆没有回应，这个订单会怎样？

听懂：Say the provider is slow 假设服务商很慢（这里 Say = 假设） · doesn't come back at all 干脆没有回应

轮到你：确认问题

先用自己的话确认对方问的是什么（支付服务商超时），再说订单会怎样：先停在“处理中”，用同一个订单号重试，客户不会被扣两次钱。

你想说的意思：您是说付款做到一半，支付服务商超时了，对吧？这种情况订单会先停在“处理中”，我们用同一个订单号重试，所以客户绝不会被扣两次钱。

  • 能说清
    You mean the payment provider doesn't answer, right? Then the order waits, and we try again. The customer doesn't pay twice.
  • 自然
    So you're asking what happens if payments time out, right? The order will stay pending, and we retry with the same order ID, so nobody gets charged twice.
  • 高密度
    Just so I'm answering the right question: you mean the payment calls time out halfway through? In that case the order will stay pending, and we retry with the same order ID, so the customer is never charged twice.
值得记住的说法中文
So you're asking …, right?您是问……，对吧？先把问题复述一遍，确认没听错再答
Just so I'm answering the right question: …我先确认一下，免得答偏了比直接问 What do you mean? 更有分寸
time out超时（等不到回应）
stay pending停在“处理中”
charged twice被扣两次钱
Marta

Good. Charging people twice is the fastest way to lose them.

很好。扣两次钱是把客户赶走最快的办法。

听懂：the fastest way to lose them 把他们（客户）弄丢最快的办法

Marta

My question is simpler. Why a separate service at all? Couldn't we just scale the old system?

我的问题简单些。为什么非要单独做一个服务？把老系统扩容不行吗？

听懂：at all 到底、究竟（加强语气） · scale the old system 给老系统扩容

轮到你：讲清取舍

讲清取舍：扩容老系统短期更便宜，但下单的每个改动还得跟整个系统一起发布；拆出来运行成本高一些，但能单独发布、单独扩容。最后给结论。

你想说的意思：这个我们也考虑过。短期看，扩容老系统更便宜，但下单的每个改动都得等整个系统一起发版。拆出来运行成本大概高两成，但可以单独发布，大促时也能单独扩容。综合来看，我们觉得值得。

  • 能说清
    We thought about it. The old system is cheaper now, but every change must wait for the big release. The new service costs more, but we can release it alone. We think it's worth it.
  • 自然
    We looked at that. Scaling the old system is cheaper in the short term, but every checkout change still waits for the full release. The new service costs more to run, but we can release and scale it on its own. We think it's worth it.
  • 高密度
    We did look at that. In the short term, scaling the old system is cheaper. The trade-off is speed: every checkout fix still waits for the full release. A separate service costs about twenty percent more to run, but we can ship it and scale it on its own for sale days. On balance, it's worth it.
值得记住的说法中文
We looked at that.这个我们考虑过先表明不是没想过，再讲理由
in the short term短期来看
The trade-off is …代价是……（得失在于……）讲方案最常用的一句：直接点出拿什么换什么
on its own单独地、独立地
On balance, …综合来看……得失都说完，用它引出结论
Olivier

Fair enough. For us, speed matters more than a few extra servers.

有道理。对我们来说，速度比多几台服务器更重要。

听懂：Fair enough 有道理、说得过去 · a few extra servers 多几台服务器

Olivier

Now, sale days. They bring about ten times normal traffic. Have you load-tested at that level?

再说大促。那几天的流量差不多是平时的十倍。你们按这个量做过压测吗？

听懂：sale days 大促那几天 · ten times normal traffic 平时十倍的流量 · load-tested 做过压力测试

轮到你：承认缺口

诚实承认：还没按十倍流量测过，目前只测到三倍。再说清完整压测哪天做、哪天给结果。

你想说的意思：说实话，还没有，这是现在最大的缺口。目前我们只测到平时流量的三倍。十倍的完整压测排在下周二，周四之前把结果给你们。

  • 能说清
    Not yet. We tested three times normal traffic. The full test is next Tuesday. I will send the results on Thursday.
  • 自然
    Not yet, to be honest. So far we've tested at three times normal traffic. The full load test is booked for next Tuesday, and I'll share the results by Thursday.
  • 高密度
    Not yet, to be honest, and that's the biggest gap right now. So far we've only tested at three times normal traffic. The full ten-times test is booked for next Tuesday, and you'll have the results by Thursday.
值得记住的说法中文
Not yet, to be honest.说实话，还没有先直接承认，别绕弯子
that's the biggest gap这是最大的缺口自己先点出不足，显得心里有数
So far, …到目前为止……
is booked for …已经排在（哪天）
you'll have the results by …（哪天）之前把结果给你们给出具体日期，承诺才可信
Marta

Okay. Please put that date in the design doc.

好。把这个日期写进设计文档。

听懂：the design doc 设计文档

Marta

One more thing. Why not switch everyone over in one go? One weekend, and it's done.

还有一件事。为什么不一次性把所有人都切过去？一个周末就搞定了。

听懂：switch everyone over 把所有人都切过去 · in one go 一次性

轮到你：礼貌说不

礼貌地不同意：先承认这样确实快，再说你担心什么（一出问题，所有订单都受影响），最后给替代方案：先切 5% 的流量，一步步放大，出了问题几分钟就能切回去。

你想说的意思：我理解这样更快，但我不太建议。我担心的是，一旦出问题，所有订单都会受影响。我建议先切 5% 的流量，再一步步放大；万一有问题，几分钟就能切回老系统。

  • 能说清
    I understand, it is faster. But if there is a problem, all orders have a problem. I suggest we start with five percent, then more. We can go back quickly.
  • 自然
    I see the appeal, but I'd rather not. My concern is that if something goes wrong, every order is affected. I'd suggest starting with five percent of traffic and going up step by step. We can switch back in minutes.
  • 高密度
    I see the appeal, but I'd rather not do it in one go. My concern is the risk: if something breaks, every single order is hit. What I'd suggest is five percent first, then step by step up to a hundred. With a feature flag, we can switch back in minutes.
值得记住的说法中文
I see the appeal, but …我明白这样的好处，但……先认可对方的想法，再说不，语气就软了
I'd rather not …我不太想（这样做）比 No 或 I don't agree 客气
My concern is …我担心的是……
step by step一步一步地
switch back in minutes几分钟就能切回去
Olivier

I'm with you on that. A slow rollout beats a bad weekend.

这点我同意你。慢慢上线，总比搞砸一个周末强。

听懂：I'm with you on that 这点我同意你 · rollout 上线、逐步推出 · beats 胜过、比……强

Marta

Fine, you've convinced me. So what do you need from us?

好吧，你说服我了。那你需要我们做什么？

听懂：you've convinced me 你说服我了 · what do you need from us 需要我们做什么

轮到你：收尾和下一步

收尾：先说需要两位做的两件事（批准分步上线的方案；压测那天请基础设施组派人值守），再说你会后做什么、什么时候做。

你想说的意思：两件事。第一，请两位批准分步上线的方案；第二，压测那天请基础设施组派一个人值守。我这边今天下班前把总结发出来，压测之后再约一次跟进会。

  • 能说清
    Two things. First, please approve the rollout plan. Second, we need one person from the infrastructure team for the test. I will send notes today.
  • 自然
    Two things. First, your sign-off on the step-by-step rollout. Second, someone from the infrastructure team on call during the load test. I'll send a summary today and set up a follow-up after the test.
  • 高密度
    Two things from you: sign-off on the phased rollout, and someone from infrastructure on call during the load test. On my side, I'll send a summary by end of day and book a follow-up once we have the numbers.
值得记住的说法中文
Two things from you: …需要你们做两件事：……先说有几件，对方好记
sign-off on …（对……）批准、签字同意
on call值守、随时待命
On my side, …我这边……先说要对方做的，再说自己要做的
book a follow-up约一次跟进会
Marta

Good. Put it all in an email, and we'll take it from there.

好。都写进邮件里，我们再往下推。

听懂：take it from there 再看下一步怎么走

Olivier

Thanks, everyone. Good review. Let's wrap up here.

谢谢大家，这次评审很好。今天就到这里。

听懂：wrap up 结束、收尾

没听清、卡住时怎么接？

这一场准备的救场的话：没听清、一时想不起词，先用一句接住，再想内容。

英文中文
Sorry, could you say that again? I missed the last part.没听清最后一部分
Good question. Let me take that in two parts.争取几秒，并且分点回答
I don't have the exact number here. Can I follow up by email?数字记不准时，承诺会后补
Can I come back to that at the end?先放一放，最后再答

在开口前练这一场

读过一遍，再开口说一遍：在开口前打开这一场，Olivier 和 Marta 用各自的口音说话，轮到你时停下来等你开口，不限时间；想不起来，提示先给首字母，再给英文说法，最后才给中文。

在开口前练这一场还没有账号？免费注册

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还可以练哪些场景？

这类对话的常用说法和常见错误，先看指南：怎么礼貌地表达不同意（英文指南）。

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内容来源
开口前 App 里的练习场景「技术方案评审：讲清取舍，礼貌说不」：情境、角色、全文、三种说法和救场的话都是 App 里的原文，录音是 App 里这一场的录音。人名和情节是虚构的。
AI 的使用
角色、对话和声音都由 AI 生成；页首的导语由 AI 根据这一场的内容起草。
更新记录
2026-11-01 更新。发现错误，写信到 hello@kaikouqian.com。

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